Horus 57 was the first ‘large’ Project Horus high-altitude balloon launch in over a year, and was aimed at getting more stations involved in receiving the common telemetry and imagery systems used on our launches, and at the same time try and get some nice imagery of our state from the air!

The launch was originally scheduled for the 1st of May, but weather conditions resulted in the imagery launch being bumped a week, and a small telemetry launch taking its place. The telemetry-only flight was very well received, with 37 unique stations contributing telemetry, building anticipation for the full-scale launch, which was performed on Saturday the 7th of May at 10AM.

The Payloads: Wenet Imagery

The main payload on this launch was a Wenet imagery payload. Wenet is an imagery downlink system first developed by David VK5DGR and Mark VK5QI in 2016, to enable high resolution imagery to be downlinked from a balloon launch. It uses Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) at 115kbit/s to send specially encoded JPEG images which can be reassembled from packets received by many spatially diverse receivers.  It’s also completely open source, so anyone can have a go at using it!

This particular Wenet payload was testing a camera lens made by ArduCam, in the hope of obtaining higher quality imagery. Unfortunately this lens de-focused as the temperature of the payload dropped during flight, resulting in many blurred images. We’ll be switching back to the tried-and-tested Raspberry PiCam v2 for future flights of this payload.

The Payloads: Tracking & Flight Management

The flight also included the usual complement of telemetry and flight management payloads. Primary telemetry was provided by a reprogrammed RS41, transmitting the ‘Horus Binary‘ 4FSK mode on 434.200 MHz. This was received by a large number of amateur stations running the ‘Horus-GUI’ demodulation software. Tracking of the payload was available on the SondeHub-Amateur tracker online, allowing global access to the position of the balloon throughout the flight.

The separate flight management payload was a LoRa-based payload operating in the 70cm amateur band. This payload allows remote termination of the flight if necessary (and it was very nearly used on this flight!).

The Payloads: LoRaWAN Beacon

Also on this flight was an experimental LoRaWAN tracking payload built by Liam VK5LJG. The aim was to transmit position beacons into ‘The Things Network‘ (‘TTN’), which has gateways (receiver stations) in many locations across Australia. This payload previously flew on Horus 55.

The payload operated on the 915-928 MHz LIPD band, with a transmit power of ~50mW. The hardware was a RAK Wireless RAK5205 board, running custom firmware for the flight. Position updates were only sent every ~3 minutes to comply with TTN fair-usage guidelines.

Unfortunately this payload stopped being received approximately 30 minutes into the flight, due to a misconfiguration. We’ll try this again on another flight!

Launch!

The launch crews arrived on-site at the Mt Barker High School oval around 9AM on the Saturday morning, and started preparations for launch. The entire preparation process through to launch was documented by AREG club member Iain VK5ZD:

This flight used a Hwoyee 1600g balloon, one of the largest balloon sizes we regularly use. Since the combined payload mass was relatively light (~600g), a relatively small amount of gas was required, resulting in the balloon being quite under-inflated, and prone to wind drag.

Immediately after launch, it was noted that the ascent rate was lower than the expected 5 m/s, a direct result of the increased drag on the under-inflated balloon.

Thanks to all that helped out at the launch site! It was great to see some new faces, and the many hands made the launch much easier.

Starting the Chase

The original flight path prediction had the flight landing somewhere off the Stott highway, between Swan Reach and Loxton. However, the slower than expected ascent rate after launch meant the live flight-path predictions began to move further to the east.

The chase teams for the day consisted of Mark VK5QI and Will VK5AHV, and Gerard VK5ZQV.

The chase teams immediately headed off towards Swan Reach, and met up with some members of the Riverland Radio Club who had setup a receiving station for the imagery payload near the locality of Maggea. Peter VK5PE, Colin VK5CBM, Andy VK5LA, and Ivan VK5HS with his grandson Reece had decided to head out to setup near the predicted landing area and have a go at receiving imagery. This was their first time receiving the Wenet imagery payload, and so had brought along a lot of equipment to experiment with!

There was also many other stations that had gone portable to receive the Wenet imagery. Peter VK5KX was setup near Sanderston with a WiMo X-Quad antenna and tracking rotator system, and Andrew VK5LA setup north of Swan Reach with a 15-element yagi. Andrew VK5CLD was also setup near Mt Barker summit with a homebrew 8-element yagi.

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Burst & Recovery

As the flight progressed, the reported altitude reached the expected 38000 m, and kept on rising! Unfortunately for the chase teams, at this altitude the balloon and payloads were heading east at 150 kph, and the predicted landing location with it, and so they had to get back on the road and continue onwards.

There was a tense period as the predicted landing location moved right across the Murray River, before finally moving further onwards to the east of Loxton. Around this time the flight continued on upwards, passing through 39000 m altitude, then finally 40000 m.

The ascent rate slowed down considerably above 40 km altitude, and there was a short time when the use of the cutdown payload was seriously considered to avoid the payloads ending up across the Victorian border. This ended up not being necessary though, as the balloon burst for a maximum reported altitude (based on the Wenet telemetry) of 40246 m! This is most likely the highest altitude ever reached by an amateur balloon launch in Australia!

The payloads then began to plummet back to earth (a peak descent rate of 114 m/s was observed just after burst!) and ended up landing in a newly seeded paddock approximately 15 km to the north-east of Loxton.

After obtaining permission from the landowner, the chase teams were able to carefully drive into the paddocks and recover the payloads.

The Wenet imagery payload was still operating, and captured the recovery and walk back to the car:

Wenet Imagery!

All the way through the flight, the Wenet payload continued to transmit live imagery to many receiving stations around the state. Unfortunately the new ArduCam lens shifted in focus due to the extreme cold temperatures experienced during the flight, resulting in most of the imagery above 3 km altitude being blurred. The lens appeared to recover around the peak of the flight, but then degraded again on descent before recovering after landing:

Wenet Reception Statistics

This flight saw the highest number of Wenet receiver stations ever, with 14 separate receiving stations contributing imagery packets. As a result, we had 100% image reception over the vast majority of the flight! This is a great result, and allows those watching from home to experience our high-altitude balloon launches in near real-time.

The following amount of data was contributed by each station:

• VK5LA: 205297 packets (50.12 MB)
• VK5KX: 179744 packets (43.88 MB)
• VK5QI-1 (Home): 160507 packets (39.19 MB)
• VK5CBM: 145899 packets (35.62 MB)
• VK5PW: 134465 packets (32.83 MB)
• VK3TNU: 134264 packets (32.78 MB)
• VK5APR: 157585 packets (38.47 MB)
• VK5EME: 146062 packets (35.66 MB)
• VK5QI (Mobile): 131933 packets (32.21 MB)
• VK5HS: 104472 packets (25.51 MB)
• VK5CLD: 47650 packets (11.63 MB)
• VK5IS: 21995 packets (5.37 MB)
• VK5TRM: 16950 packets (4.14 MB)
• VK5FJGM: 5355 packets (1.31 MB)

While most of the receiver stations were relatively close to the flight path, we also saw Ian VK5IS receiving from 160km away, and Tim VK3TNU receiving from over 300km distance! Tim was using a 9-element RFI yagi, paired with a RTLSDR and preamplifier, and has set the new record for Wenet reception distance!

The following plots show the percentage of each image that was received by each receiver station:

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Horus Binary (4FSK) Telemetry Reception Statistics

We also saw a huge number of Horus Binary receiving stations come online for this flight, with stations as far away as Melbourne contributing telemetry. A total of 41 unique callsigns were observed to upload telemetry throughout the flight, which is also a new record for a Project Horus launch!

A huge thanks to everyone that contributed to the flight tracking, and we hope to see you on the map on future launches!

Detailed statistics for each receiver are available in the table below:

Callsign	Received Packets	Percentage of Flight Received	First-Received Altitude (m)	Last-Received Altitude (m)
VK3BQ	346	14.0%	28056	22885
VK3DNS	88	3.6%	34109	38312
VK3EEK	45	1.8%	33822	36313
VK3ER	5	0.2%	34374	34470
VK3GP	156	6.3%	32298	5773
VK3IRV	224	9.1%	38516	35917
VK3KZM	153	6.2%	37802	35134
VK3MD	496	20.1%	30032	25910
VK3MTV	1964	79.5%	5740	1233
VK3TNU	1755	71.1%	7858	5469
VK3TOS	123	5.0%	33418	26680
VK5AKH	136	5.5%	1529	35569
VK5AKK	2327	94.2%	366	2674
VK5APR	1879	76.1%	1062	7080
VK5BRL	552	22.4%	39251	103
VK5CBM	910	36.9%	11305	34184
VK5DJ	1668	67.6%	5920	7698
VK5DMC	1165	47.2%	4678	29733
VK5EI	1627	65.9%	6025	22298
VK5FD	2180	88.3%	1074	7979
VK5FJGM	2075	84.0%	951	10397
VK5GA	2037	82.5%	1268	16657
VK5GY	1981	80.2%	2838	8713
VK5HI	2187	88.6%	978	6851
VK5IS	2084	84.4%	1568	5469
VK5KX	2418	97.9%	645	369
VK5LA	2374	96.2%	790	1011
VK5LJG	2178	88.2%	523	8136
VK5LJG-9	1292	52.3%	854	3455
VK5LN	1770	71.7%	4401	14119
VK5MAD	560	22.7%	854	9830
VK5MAS	388	15.7%	16694	40115
VK5NEX	1972	79.9%	3055	7659
VK5NTM	2360	95.6%	1189	655
VK5PE	1633	66.1%	2685	39540
VK5PE-9	1525	61.8%	7485	747
VK5QI-1	1935	78.4%	1529	10201
VK5QI-9	2071	83.9%	344	58
VK5RK	1576	63.8%	9645	6597
VK5RR/VK5FO	1891	76.6%	2536	369
VK5ST-0	2084	84.4%	2587	5348
VK5ST-991	1306	52.9%	3255	38937
VK5TRM	2354	95.3%	1402	103
VK5TRM-12	32	1.3%	36821	37624
VK5ZAI	1722	69.7%	8895	4908
VK5ZSH	678	27.5%	5549	39972

The SondeHub-Amateur Tracker

Horus 56 and 57 made use of the new SondeHub-Amateur tracker website to enable anyone online to follow the flight’s progress. This is an extension to the SondeHub Radiosonde tracker, which allows tracking of meteorological radiosondes, and is developed by club members Michaela VK3FUR and Mark VK5QI, along with many other contributors.

The SondeHub project is supported by a grant from Amateur Radio Digital Communications, via the Amateur Radio Experimenters Group.

Flight Summary

Horus 57 - Flight Statistics

Metric	Result
Flight Designation:	Horus 57
Launch Date:	2022-05-07 00:40Z
Landing Date:	2022-05-07 04:18Z
Flight Duration:	~3.5 hours
Launch Site:	-35.07611,138.85670
Landing Site:	-34.39875,140.73167
Distance Traveled:	285 km
Maximum Altitude:	40,246 m

Future Launches

The next large Horus launch will likely be a re-flight of the DVB-S payload flown on Horus 55, with an improved payload antenna. This will likely need to wait until after winter, for clearer skies.

In the meantime, there are some initial plans for:

• A re-flight of the LoRaWAN payload, though not to as high an altitude as on this flight.
• Experiments with new sensors attached to our primary tracking payload.
• Another Wenet flight, to give some more opportunities for listeners to refine their receiver setups.

Stay tuned!